Qualities out of grunts and you will strong grunts produced by territorial boys and you may grunts developed by female of your own corkwing wrasse

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Desk dos. For men, number of musical analysed is provided while the final number and variety of sounds analysed each private inside the mounts. For males, amount of colony web sites equivalent just how many males registered, for women, they represents what number of nests from which i seen them. Male voice qualities have been averaged on personal level before figuring the new displayed study. Imply ± SD | Average is given toward number of pulses for each and every voice, years, heartrate and you will prominent volume

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Contour 3. Multiple heartbeat tunes developed by the corkwing wrasse. Wave-form (top) and you will relevant spectrogram (below). (a) Grunt from good territorial male corkwing wrasse. (b) Strong grunt from an effective territorial male corkwing wrasse. (c) Grunt off a female corkwing wrasse. Spectrogram setup: fifty dB active assortment, Hamming windows (raised sine-squared), 0.008 s screen size (female and male grunt), 0.08 s screen duration (male strong grunt)

Profile step 3. Multiple heartbeat music created by the latest corkwing wrasse. Wave-form (top) and you will corresponding spectrogram (below). (a) Grunt away from a great territorial men corkwing wrasse. (b) Deep grunt out-of good territorial male corkwing wrasse. (c) Grunt regarding a woman corkwing wrasse. Spectrogram settings: fifty dB active range, Hamming screen (elevated sine-squared), 0.008 s window size (male and female grunt), 0.08 s windows size (male strong grunt)

Because of the different structure of grunts and deep grunts, we only compared the sound properties statistically, which were the same in both types of grunt, i.e. dominant frequency and duration. The two male grunt types differ significantly from each other in both propertiespared to deep grunts, male grunts are of a shorter duration (t-test: t = 5.44, P < 0.001, CI = ?0.47–1.09). The dominant frequency is higher in male grunts than in male deep grunts (Mann Whitney U test: W = 0, N₁ = 17, N₂ = 11, P < 0.001). Table 2 presents all measured sound properties for comparison.

Compared to male grunts, female grunts had a significantly lower pulse-rate (t-test: t = -6.71, P < 0.0001, CI = -- -). Grunts of males and females had a similar dominant frequency (t-test: t = 1.38, P = 0.17, CI = -0.05- 0.26), duration (t-test: t = 0.47, P = 0.64, CI = -0.19- 0.26), and number of pulses (Mann Whitney U test: W = 302, N1 = 17, N2 = 35, P = 0.94).

Single-pulse tunes

Your choice of certainly assignable clicks lead to the study out of 102 men ticks away from 31 video clips away from 19 anybody and you will 66 ladies ticks off 20 video clips during the nests away from fourteen people. Your selection of obviously assignable plops contributed to the research away from 73 men plops of 28 video out-of 18 movies and you may 66 lady plops out of 21 video clips at the nests out of fourteen guys. Averaging men songs for each and every individual men resulted in an example sized letter = 18 having ticks, and n = 17 to own plops.

Clicks are sharp, single-pulse broadband sounds with their main energy in a frequency range of several hundred Hz, while the sound pressure level difference across the harmonics are small (Figure 4(a), Table 3). The dominant frequency of clicks was significantly higher in https://www.datingranking.net/nl/livejasmin-overzicht males than in females (Mann Whitney U test: W = 409, N₁ = 35, N₂ = 66, P = 0.04). However, there were some female clicks for which the dominant frequency was much higher than in most clicks (up to 7200 Hz). We did not see any technical reason to exclude these outliers from the analysis. Clicks did not differ between males and females in the sound pressure level difference between dominant frequency and its 5 th harmonic (t-test: t_48.4 = 0.84, P = 0.40, CI = ?2.17–5.31).